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Atherosclerosis and cadiovascular risk in selected rheumatic diseases
Oreská, Sabína ; Tomčík, Michal (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Soukup, Tomáš (referee)
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases due to atherosclerosis are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CV risk in rheumatic patients is caused by both traditional and non- traditional risk factors associated with autoimmune diseases. Unlike the relatively more prevalent rheumatic disease, there is a lack of evidence on CV risk in rare rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CV risk in 90 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), compared to 180 healthy controls (HC) with similar age and gender distribution, without clinically manifested CV diseases. The results of this cross-sectional cohort study showed a significantly higher prevalence of traditional risk factors as well as of subclinical atherosclerosis in IIM compared to HC. In comparison to carotid ultrasonography, SCORE, SCORE2, and modified SCORE was proved to underestimate the CV risk, while SCORE2 appeared to be the most accurate. The most severe CV risk profile was observed in patients with statin-induced necrotizing myopathy. Overall, higher CV risk in IIM was associated with higher age, disease activity, body composition parameters, and higher blood pressure values. We confirmed a higher CV risk as well as a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors in patients with IIM compared to the...
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Impact of atherosclerotic plaque composition on the development of acute coronary syndrome
Kopřiva, Karel ; Kovárník, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kaňovský, Jan (referee) ; Toušek, Petr (referee)
Thin fibrous cap atheroma with a high lipid content is the most common morphological substrate for acute coronary syndrome. Lipid content can be reliably determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a commonly available morphological imaging method in the guidance of coronary interventions. In our study, we examined a single coronary lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome using both OCT and NIRS. Based on OCT, we performed a detailed morphological analysis using semi-automated software. Using NIRS, we determined the lipid content of each lesion. In the first part of the study, we used noninvasive CT coronary angiography to detect the progression of atherosclerotic plaques between the first and second year after the initial examination and attempted to demonstrate that morphological characteristics and lipid content of plaques were risk factors for plaque progression. In the second part of the study, we assessed the ability of detailed morphological analysis based on OCT examination to identify the lipid content of plaques using NIRS as a reference method. We observed no significant linear correlation when assessing the relationship between morphological parameters and plaque volume progression. In the analysis of plaque lipid content,...
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Stress-strain analysis of artery with atheroma
Janík, Rostislav ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis analyses stress and strain of iliac artery with atheroma. Model of artery is created as 3D and symmetric in the longitudinal cut. The first part of the thesis deals with a research, which includes obtaining information from medicine, which is necessary fort the right solution of the task. Next part dedicates to nonlinear mechanics, constitutive modeling from the view of biomechanice and computational modeling of arteries. In the next part is made analysis for load on artery by increased blood pressure. In the end were specified uncertainties of the used model and evaluated chance of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
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Application of flow cytometry for multiplex analyses in clinical biochemistry
Babušíková, Lucie ; Tremlová,, Bohuslava (referee) ; Beňovská,, Miroslava (advisor)
This thesis discusses the technique of flow cytometry for multiplex analysis and its use in conjunction with imunochemical methods. As part of this work was carried out clinical studies dealing with secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis in 186 pacientů. In this time represents myocardial infarction worldwide civilizational problem. A number of possible parameters for monitoring atherosclerosis in the world is still an unresolved issue. In the practical part of this work we performed an analysis using Luminex xMAP technology for new parameters (adiponectin, resistin, osteopontin) to predict atherosclerotic disease associated with myocardial infarcion. Also we wanted to see how these parameters are changed in patients after increasing the dose of therapeutic drugs.
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Computational modeling of the interaction of flowing blood with the artery tube with the atheroma
Freiwald, Michal ; Jagoš, Jiří (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá interakcí mezi proudící krví a krční tepnou, obsahující aterosklerotický plat, za pomoci konečnoprvkové fluid-structure interaction analýzy. První část práce obsahuje souhrn teoretických poznatků, sestávající z kardiovaskulárního systému, cév, souvisejících konstitutivních modelů, reologie krve a úvodu do teorie proudění. Dále je v práci obsažen stručný souhrn současného poznání výpočtového modelování v této oblasti, s důrazem na strukturní a fluid-structure interaction analýzy v oblasti krční tepny, a na použité konstitutivní modely. Experimentální část se soustředí na tvorbu zjednodušeného modelu krční tepny, obsahující aterosklerotický plat, a na tvorbu odpovídajícího modelu krve. Oba modely poté společně vstupují do fluid-structure interaction analýzy, která si klade za cíl pochopit důsledky pulzujícího toku krve na stěnu tepny a na růst aterosklerotického plátu; primárními zkoumanými veličinami jsou první hlavní napětí na stěně tepny, celková deformace stěny tepny, časově zprůměrovaná hodnota smykového napětí na stěně tepny a oscilační smykový index. Všechny výsledky jsou porovnány napříč několika typy analýz, tak aby bylo možné zhodnotit rozdíly a důsledky zvoleného přístupu. Součástí práce je také zjednodušená parametrická studie, která porovnává vliv rostoucího procenta stenózy na vyhodnocované veličiny. V poslední částí práce jsou zhodnoceny výsledky, její limitace a další možnosti výzkumu v této oblasti.
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Stress-strain analysis of a sclerotic artery during angioplasty
Trtík, Adam ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on an analytical calculation of maximum stress and deformation in arterial wall suffering from atherosclerosis during angioplasty and compares this value to the stress in wall of both healthy and sclerotic artery loaded by normal systolic pressure. Finally, the results are compared with corresponding model using the finite element method. In the theoretical part, the histology of arteries, their biomechanical properties and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis itself are briefly described.
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Stress-strain analysis of artery with atheroma
Maša, Marek ; Návrat, Tomáš (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The main goal of this diploma thesis was the stress-strain analysis of iliac artery with atheroma.This problem was solved using finite element method (FEM).For the calculation purposes three two-dimensional models were created. The geometry was gained from transversal sections through the iliac artery with ateroma. This geometry is educed from used literature review. The main calculation process was run by ANSYS 11.0 program system.
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Contribution of technical equipments to treatment of blood vessel diseases
Laštůvka, Jan ; Návrat, Tomáš (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The goal of this bachelor’s thesis is an introduction to the anatomy and pathology of vascular system and providing an overview of technical equipment used for examination and treatment of blood vessel diseases. Using two type of blood vessel implants it illustrates the process of computation during the phase of creating a concept. In the former case the influence on blood flow and healthy blood vessel behaviour when using bifurcated blood vessel prosthesis is assessed, in the latter case the projecting computation of biflex stent construction is examined.
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Analysis of impact of mechanical properties of components of pathological arterial wall on its state of stress
Bartoňová, Petra ; Konvalinka, Jan (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis deals with measurements of the atherosclerothic carotid plaques mechanical properties with wiew towards the improvements of their constitutive models and then towards the impact of application of those constitutive models in fibrous cap. The introductory part provides a brief summary of medical knowledge needed to understand atheroma formation and the risks involved. Next, there's a survey of plaque mechanical testing methods and the obtained results on tissue properties. The previously used constitutive models of atherosclerothic tissues are listed as well. Main body of the thesis describes the preparation of testing samples from obtained atheroma, methodology and course of experiments execution and subsequent processing of the experimental data to evaluate the behavior of the atheromatous tissue individual parts. Then the discussion and evaluation of our results and findings is given. Along with the evaluated mechanical properties, experimental data fitted to models are presented with respect to their predictive abilities. The final part is dedvoted to the finite element analysis of an idealized 2D model with emphasis on the effect of necrotic core and fibrous tissue properties on von Mises equivalent stress in the fibrous cap.
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Overview to arterial stents and possibilities of their computational modelling
Ondříšková, Tereza ; Lisický, Ondřej (referee) ; Turčanová, Michaela (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with arterial stents and possibilities of their computational modelling. The thesis contains a medical minimum, which is necessary to understand the principle of arterial stents. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on methods of a stent implantation, materials used for manufacturing and covering and the most used designs. There is a research study of analytical and numerical computational modelling of them with emphasis on the finite element method. In the last part of this thesis there was performed an analytical calculation of stress appeared in the carotid artery wall after stent implantation using a simplified model of stent-artery configuration. Then these stress functions were plotted and evaluated.
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